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1.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 30(1): 20-24, 30-03-2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1122864

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The anal lesions seem to have a natural history that closely resembles cervical lesions, with signs that precede the invasion. Cytological changes of anal epithelium induced by HPV can be detected through cytology, as it is considered an effective screening method. Objective: To identify the frequency of atypical epithelial conventional cytology results by comparing anal samples through Liqui-PREPTM technology in HIV-positive men. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study of 33 men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV-positive and anoreceptive attended at the Gaffrèe and Guinle University Hospital (HUGG), Rio de Janeiro, from June to July, 2016. Collection of anal samples for the conventional cytology and Liqui-PREPTM cytology was carried out. For significance of findings, Fisher exact test with 95% confidence interval was used and cytological Kappa index was employed for concordance between the two cytological methods. Results: The age ranged from 23 to 60 years (mean=39.06). The CD4 cell count was between 200 to 500/mm3 on 16 (48.5%) and 13 (39.4%), and 50% was diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 years. In conventional cytology one case was considered unsatisfactory (3%). Among the cases considered satisfactory, 9 (28.1%) were diagnosed with ASC-US; 4 (12.5%) LSIL; 2 (6.3%) ASC-H, and 2 (6.3%) HSIL. Through Liqui-PREPTM method, 7 cases were considered unsatisfactory (21.2%). Among the satisfactory cases, 7 showed ASC-US (26.9%); 4 (15.4%) ASC-H; 2 (7.7%) LSIL; and 2 (7.7%) HSIL. The difference of unsatisfactory cases between both methods, although higher for Liqui-PREPTM, was not statistically significant (p=0.054). The correlation was moderate (0503; p<0.006 [0.1765­0.8298]). Conclusion: The cytologic atypia is common among MSM HIV (+), and the anal conventional cytology and liquid by Liqui-PREPTM cytology are equivalent, although they are more unsatisfactory in the latter technique.


Introdução: As lesões anais parecem ter uma história natural, que se assemelha às de lesões de colo uterino, com sinais que precedem a invasão. As alterações citológicas do epitélio anal induzidas pelo HPV podem ser detectadas por citologia, um método de rastreio considerado efetivo. Objetivo: Identificar a frequência de atipias epiteliais nos resultados da citologia convencional comparando amostras anais pela tecnologia Liqui-PREP® em homens HIV positivos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico de 33 homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), HIV positivos e anorreceptivos atendidos no Hospital Universitário Gaffrèe e Guinle (HUGG), Rio de Janeiro, no período de junho a julho de 2016. Os pacientes foram submetidos à coleta de amostras anais para citologia convencional e citologia Liqui-PREP®. Para significância de achados, foi usado o teste exato de Fisher com intervalo de confiança de 95%, e para concordância entre os dois métodos citológicos, foi utilizado o índice de Kappa. Resultados: A idade variou de 23 a 60 anos (média=39,06). A contagem de células CD4 foi entre 200 e 500/mm3 para 16 (48,5%) e 13 (39,4%) dos casos analisados, e 50% tinham o diagnóstico de HIV há mais de seis anos. Na citologia convencional, um caso foi considerado insatisfatório (3%). Entre os casos considerados satisfatórios, 9 (28,1%) foram diagnosticados como células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado possivelmente não neoplásicas (ASC-US); 4 (12,5%) como lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau (LSIL); 2 (6,3%) como células escamosas atípicas não sendo possível excluir lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H) e 2 (6,3%) como lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL). Pelo método Liqui-PREP®, 7 casos foram considerados insatisfatórios (21,2%). Entre os casos satisfatórios, 7 como ASC-US (26,9%); 4 (15,4%) como ASC-H; 2 (7,7%) como LSIL e 2 (7,7%) como HSIL. A diferença de insatisfatório entre os métodos, embora maior para Liqui-PREP®, não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,054). A concordância foi moderada (0,503; p<0,006 [0,1765­0,8298]). Conclusão: É frequente a atipia citológica entre HSH HIV (+), e as citologias anal convencional e em meio líquido pela técnica Liqui-PREPTM se equivalem, embora sejam mais insatisfatórias na técnica citológica Liqui-PREP®.


Subject(s)
Humans , Papillomaviridae , Homosexuality , HIV , Sexual Behavior , Cell Biology , Men
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(2): 277-279, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842840

ABSTRACT

Abstract Botryomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, suppurative, bacterial infection that primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It has long been associated with defects of cellular immunity. We report a 28-year-old woman who presented with a chronic, ulcerated lesion with draining sinuses in the right malar region. Predisposing factors were HIV infection with poor immunological control, alcoholism, and a previous trauma to the right cheek. Several courses of antimicrobial therapy provided only partial and temporary remission. Complete clinical remission was only achieved 5 years later when a novel antiretroviral regimen composed of darunavir and raltegravir was initiated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pyoderma/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Botrytis/isolation & purification , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Pyoderma/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Facial Dermatoses/diagnosis , Darunavir/therapeutic use , Raltegravir Potassium/therapeutic use
4.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 59(2): 116-122, 04/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746470

ABSTRACT

Objective This study aims to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and anti-TPO status. We searched for an association among presence of immune reconstitution and use of stavudine, didanosine and protease inhibitors with thyroid diseases. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the records of 117 HIV-infected patients who had their CD4+ cell count, viral load, anti-TPO, TSH and free T4 levels collected on the same day. Immune reconstitution was considered in those whose T CD4+ count was below 200 cells/mm3, but these values increased above 200 cells/mm3 after the use of antiretrovirals. The odds ratio obtained by a 2x2 contingency table and a chi-square test were used to measure the association between categorical variables. Results The prevalence of thyroid disease was 34.18%; of these, 4.34% were positive for anti-TPO. There was an association of risk between stavudine use and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.29 to 13.59, X2 = 6.37, p = 0.01). Immune reconstitution achieved protection associated with thyroid disease that was near statistical significance OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.04, X2 = 3.55, p = 0.059. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid disease in the sample studied was higher than what had been found in the literature, with a low positive anti-TPO frequency. The historical use of stavudine has an association of risk for the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism, and immune reconstitution has trends towards protection for the presence of thyroid diseases. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Autoantibodies/isolation & purification , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Iodide Peroxidase/immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Stavudine/therapeutic use , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Asymptomatic Diseases/epidemiology , Asymptomatic Diseases/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Hypothyroidism/immunology , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Stavudine/adverse effects , Thyroid Diseases/drug therapy
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(1): 81-84, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702062

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, especially Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, and is transmitted to humans by the bite of sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia, such as Lutzomyia longipalpis. There are many reservoirs, including Canis familiaris. It is a chronic infectious disease with systemic involvement that is characterized by three phases: the initial period, the state period and the final period. The main symptoms are fever, malnutrition, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. This article reports a case of a patient diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis in the final period following autochthonous transmission in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro. The case reported here is considered by the Municipal Civil Defense and Health Surveillance of Rio de Janeiro to be the first instance of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in humans in the urban area of this city. The patient was discharged and is undergoing a follow-up at the outpatient clinic, demonstrating clinical improvement.


A leishmaniose visceral é uma antropozoonose causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, principalmente Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum e transmitida ao homem pela picada do flebotomíneo do gênero Lutzomyia, destacando-se no Brasil a Lutzomyia longipalpis. Os animais reservatórios são muitos, tendo o cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) como principal reservatório. Trata-se de uma doença infecciosa crônica, de envolvimento sistêmico e caracterizado por três fases: período inicial, período de estado e período final. As principais manifestações são febre, hepatoesplenomegalia, desnutrição e pancitopenia. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de paciente diagnosticada com leishmaniose visceral em período final, de transmissão autóctone na área urbana da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O caso relatado neste artigo é considerado, após investigação, pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Defesa Civil do Rio de Janeiro como o primeiro caso autóctone de leishmaniose visceral em humanos na área urbana da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O tratamento oferecido foi eficaz e a paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento ambulatorial.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Cities/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Urban Population
6.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 16(4): 393-395, July-Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-645431

ABSTRACT

Fluoroquinolone (FQ)-associated tendinopathy and myopathy are uncommon but well recognized complications of the use of this class of antibacterial agents. The case of a 63-year-old previously asymptomatic female patient who developed severe left shoulder tendinopathy after surreptitiously doubling the prescribed dose of levofloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia is reported here. Surgical stabilization with suture anchors and subacromial decompression were needed.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Ofloxacin/adverse effects , Shoulder Pain/chemically induced , Tendinopathy/chemically induced , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 54(4): 231-233, July-Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643956

ABSTRACT

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy most commonly involves new or worsening manifestations of previously subclinical or overt infectious diseases. Reports of non-infectious IRIS are much less common but represent important diagnostic and treatment challenges. We report on a 34-year-old HIV-infected male patient with no history of gout who developed acute gouty arthritis in a single joint one month after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy.


A síndrome inflamatória da reconstituição imune (IRIS) observada quando do início da terapia antirretroviral em indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV envolve mais comumente manifestações novas ou piora clínica de desordens infecciosas, previamente subclínicas ou não. Muito mais raras são as descrições de casos de IRIS de natureza não-infecciosa, embora representem importantes desafios ao diagnóstico e tratamento. Neste relato descrevemos um paciente HIV-positivo do sexo masculino, de 34 anos, sem antecedentes de gota e que desenvolveu monoartrite de gota um mês após início de terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Arthritis, Gouty/chemically induced , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome , Acute Disease
8.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 8(3): 253-261, set. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-416015

ABSTRACT

The Brazilian AIDS Program offers free and universal access to antiretroviral therapy. This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic, clinical-prophylactic and therapeutic factors on survival, after AIDS diagnosis, in an open cohort of 1,420 patients assisted in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro (1995 _ 2002). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of variables in the three dimensions studied. The overall survival time of the upper quartile was 24 months (CI95 percent= 20.5-27.5), increasing from 14 months, in 1995, to 46 months, in 1998. We found a protective effect of heterosexual behavior against death that could be attributed to the increasing female-to-male sex ratio in the cohort, which coincided with the time of therapy introduction. Low schooling, hospital admission and lack of follow-up were identified as risk factors for death; PCP and Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis were protective. The number of attempts required to consolidate the antiretroviral therapy showed no significant effect on survival. The full model, which includes the number of antiretroviral drugs in the regimen, confirmed the triple therapy as the best regimen. This study brings important information for designing guidelines to deal with different aspects related to the practical management of patients and their behavior, thus contributing to the success of the program of free access to antiretroviral therapy implemented in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents , Cohort Studies , Epidemiologic Studies , Fatal Outcome , Hospital Mortality , Proportional Hazards Models , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Survival Analysis , Brazil
9.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2004. 68 p. ilus, mapas, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-490858

ABSTRACT

O crescimento das bases de dados moleculares referentes ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana do tipo I (HIV-1) aumentou progressivamente desde 1991. Pesquisadores do mundo inteiro têm se dedicado ao seqüenciamento de diferentes regiões do genoma do HIV visando elucidar o processo evolutivo viral. Supõe-se que este processo evolutivo esteja na base da pesquisa que determinará a produção de vacinas eficazes além de novas drogas para o combate da Aids. Neste trabalho, procuramos introduzir alguns aspectos da epidemiologia molecular do HIV-1 enfatizando a distribuição global dos seus subtipos e os métodos de inferência filogenética utilizados no estudo de sua evolução. Apresentamos, como aplicação dos métodos de inferência filogenética, um artigo intitulado (Epidemiologia Molecular do Sub-subtipo F1 do HIV-1), onde discutimos a epidemiologia molecular do sub-subtipo F1 buscando comparar as epidemias deste sub-subtipo no Brasil e na Romênia.


Subject(s)
Data Interpretation, Statistical , Databases, Genetic , Genomics/methods , HIV-1 , Molecular Epidemiology , Phylogeny , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics , Brazil , HIV-1 , Romania
10.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 9(5): 15-9, 22, set.-out. 1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-209354

ABSTRACT

Fatores de interaçäo importantes, como resposta imune inicial, carga viral, virulência dos subtipos de HIV-1, componentes genéticos, ativaçäo inespecífica do sistema imune, aspectos biológicos e comportamentais, quanto dinâmica viral e alvos viscerais foram abordados. Discutiu-se ainda os principais fatores que podem influenciar o curso e a progressäo da infecçäo HIV.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/physiopathology , Disease Progression
11.
Ars cvrandi ; 20(1): 41-2, 46-9, jan.-fev. 1987. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-66564

ABSTRACT

Os autores mostram o estudo de 26 pacientes portadores de SIDA, internados no Hospital Universitário Gaffree e Guinle durante os últimos anos. Apresentam dados epidemiológicos (sexo, cor, idade, proveniência, grupo de risco) e tambem duraçäo da doença, sinais e sintomas que motivaram a internaçäo, intercorrências observadas durante o período de doença e causa mortis. Fazem revisäo bibliográfica e procuram comparar os dados obtidos na literatura com os resultados encontrados em seu estudo. É evidenciada a importância das pneumopatias infecciosas como as complicaçöes fatais mais frequentes, e enfatizam sua profilaxia como condiçäo capital e indispensável ao controle desses pacientes


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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